Currency Format of Numeric Values in Pandas

Firstly, Convert column into float type 

data['Amount'] = data['Amount'].fillna(0).astype('float64') 

Format column as Currency format. eg : 12,345.00

data['Amount'] = data['Amount'].map('{:,.2f}'.format)

List files in sorted order using 'du'

Listing of all the files (and subdirectories) within a directory along with their sizes in sorted and readable format.

$ sudo du /backup/ -h | sort -h

Find and Replace with Regular Expressions in PHP

If we want to remove a specific part from a string, we can use regular expressions in php

<?php $oldstring="12. What is Your Name";
$newstring=preg_replace('/[\d]+[\.]+[\s?]/', '',$oldstring);
echo $newstring;
?> 

Result : What is Your Name
Here removes serial number from a string. eg : 12. Pattern match search for [\d]+[\.] . This means any digit followed by a dot(.)

Age Calculation in MySQL based on Date of Birth Field

To find out age in mysql we can use two methods. (Assume that DOB is the field name in table)

1)SELECT DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%Y') - DATE_FORMAT(DOB, '%Y') - (DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '00-%m-%d') < DATE_FORMAT(DOB, '00-%m-%d')) AS age FROM students


The above query returns the exact age. (looking for birth date)

- 2013-08-22 - 2008-11-02  returns 4 

2) SELECT YEAR( CURDATE( ) ) - YEAR( DOB ) AS age FROM students.

The above query returns the age difference by year (looking for year only)

- 2013-08-22 - 2008-11-02  returns 5

MySQL Command Line Backup

From Shell prompt Enter the following.
 $ mysqldump -u root -pmqr dbname |gzip -9 > /backup/koha/dbname-$(date +"%d-%m-%Y-%H:%M:%S").gz

This command will make mysql backup and compress it in the name format  dbname-06-08-2013-17:17:34.gz

How to get full URL in PHP

To get full url of running script, we use the following two functions in PHP

• $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']
• $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']

Examples
Consider my url string is : http://mysite.com/products/booking.php

<?php echo $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']; ?>

Output : mysite.com

echo  $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];

Output : /products/booking.php

<?php echo 'http://'.$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'].dirname($_SERVER['PHP_SELF']);?>

Output : http://mysite.com/products

Email validation using Regular Expression

Following code shows how to validate email in php.

<?php // chek email validation
if (!preg_match('/^[^0-9][a-zA-Z0-9_]+([.][a-zA-Z0-9_]+)*[@][a-zA-Z0-9_]+([.][a-zA-Z0-9_]+)*[.][a-zA-Z]{2,4}$/',$_POST['email']))
{
echo "invalid Email Address";
}
?>

Detect url contains query string ?

parse_url function is used to break the url components

This function parses a URL and returns an associative array containing any of the various components of the URL that are present.

• scheme - e.g. http
• host
• port
• user
• pass
• path
• query - after the question mark ?
• fragment - after the hashmark #

The following code reads url query string and convert into array.

<?php
$queries= parse_url($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'],PHP_URL_QUERY);
 // splits url query string into array
$queries_elements = split('&', $queries);
//converts to array
for($i = 0; $i != sizeof($queries_elements); $i++)
    {
    $queries = split('=', $queries_elements[$i]);
    //assigns to new array
    $params[$queries[0]]=$queries[1];
    }
var_dump($params);
?> 

More examples 
echo parse_url('http://example.com?mode=edit&id=34', PHP_URL_QUERY);
Output : 'mode=edit&id=34'
echo parse_url('http://example.com?mode=edit&id=34#user', PHP_URL_FRAGMENT)
Output : 'user'
echo parse_url('http://example.com', PHP_URL_SCHEME);
Output : 'http'
echo parse_url('http://example.com?mode=edit&id=34#user', PHP_URL_HOST);
Output : 'example.com'
echo parse_url('http://example.com:88?id=34', PHP_URL_PORT);
Output : 88

PHP - php.ini explained

PHP.ini is very useful and it is a configuration file that is used to customize behavior of PHP at runtime. This enables easy administration in the way you administer Apache web server using configuration files. The Settings in which  upload directory, register global variables, display errors, log errors, max uploading size setting, maximum time to execute a script and other configurations is written in this file.

When PHP Server starts up it looks for PHP.ini file first to load various values for settings. If you made changes in PHP.ini then you need to restart your server to check the changes be effected.

The major configuration parameters in php.ini as follows

Option	Description
short_open_tag=<On|Off>	The short open tag <? instead of <?php. If you run old applications, enable this; this may cause confusion if other language processors like XML, etc, are present.
output_buffering=<Off|Integer|On>	Maximum output data buffer size before sending to client. On enables infinite buffer size (dangerous!). Best value: 4096.
zlib.output_compression=<Off|On>	Enables/disables gzip compression of output.
max_execution_time=<Integer>	Maximum script execution time (in seconds), set to 0 for CLI. Should be set after trial and error, though 30-60 seconds should be good for standard applications. A very large value is dangerous; a script can hog resources for a long time.
max_input_time=<Integer>	Maximum time a script can spend parsing request data. Default is unlimited (-1) [hard-coded for CLI].
memory_limit=<size>	Maximum memory a script may consume; size defaults to bytes, but modifiers like M, G can be applied, like 128 M. Keep it so that malicious scripts don’t hog all available memory. 128-256 M is sufficient.
error_reporting	Sets the type of errors reported to stdout, stderr or the error log. Default value: E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE. Production value: E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED. Development value: E_ALL | ~E_STRICT
display_errors=<Off|On|stderr>	Displays errors to stdout or stderr. Stderr affects only CLI and CGI binaries.
include_path=<paths separated by colon>	Colon-separated paths for PHP to search for files named in include, require, include_once or require_once.
file_uploads = <Off|On>	Enables/disables file uploads.
upload_max_filesize=<size>	Maximum file-size for file upload; takes modifiers like M, G, etc.
max_file_uploads=<Integer>	Maximum number of files that can be uploaded in a single request.
allow_url_include=<Off|On>	Inclusion of PHP files from URLs. This can pose a security threat; malicious files can be included from remote servers.
extension_dir=<path>	Location to find PHP extensions.
extension=<filename>	Tells PHP to load the extension named. filename takes full path to the extension, else it will be sought in extension_dir.

What India searched in 2011

How the India Searched. What mattered in 2011? Zeitgeist sorted billions of Google searches to capture the year's 10 fastest-rising queries and the rest of the spirit of 2011.

Google announced their Zeitgeist of 2011. Google discloses the spirit through the aggregation of millions of users search queries and it takes it as hot trends in every day. Every Year Google releasing the whole year top searches list in raking wise as the name of Google Zeitgeist.

InIndia, Google published the 6 categories of searches such as Fast rising searches, Fast rising People, Top Searches, People, Movies and News.

The first 10 most searching keywords in 2011 are follows

News	People
1. Ipl	1. Katrina Kaif
2. World Cup 2011	2. Anna Hazare
3. Cbse Result 2011	3. Salman Khan
4. Diwali	4. Poonam Pandey
5. Lokpal Bill	5. Justin Bieber
6. Japan Earthquake	6. Aishwarya Rai
7. Aadhar Card	7. Sachin Tendulkar
8. Osama Bin Laden	8. Kareena Kapoor
9. Pakistan	9. Steve Jobs
10. F1	10. Priyanka Chopra
Movies	Top Searches
1. Bodyguard	1. Facebook
2. Ra One	2. Youtube
3. Harry Potter	3. Gmail
4. Delhi Belly	4. Yahoomail
5. Singham	5. Google
6. Ready	6. Yahoo
7. Mankatha	7. Irctc
8. Transformers 3	8. Rediffmail
9. Dookudu	9. Indian Railways
10. Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara	10. Way2sms

Story behind famous brand names

Google 
Googol misspelled as google
A googol is equivalent to a 1 followed by 100 zeros. When Larry Page and Sean Anderson came up with the name, Sean misspelled it as Google when seeing if the domain was available. Another report claims that Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems and Google’s first investor, misspelled the name on his $100,000 investment check.


Microsoft 
Bill Gates named Microsoft from two words: “Microcomputer” and “Software”. In year 1975, Bill Gates wrote a letter to his colleague Paul Allen, he wrote as Micro-Soft. But in 1976 they registered the name Microsoft as a single name.

Cisco
Short for San Francisco where the company was founded.

Hotmail
Hotmail is based on HTML and the company wanted to give it a name that will sound like HTML and have the word “mail” at the end. They finally selected the name “HoTMaiL”, but later changed the word casing and made it “Hotmail”.

Adobe
Adobe is the name of a river. One of the founders of Adobe, John Nack, lives in Los Altas in California. This river runs behind his house. This is how Adobe got its name.

HP
Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard 
Named after their founders, Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard. They tossed a coin to determine if the company would be named Hewlett-Packard or Packard-Hewlett. Packard won the coin toss but chose to leave it as Hewlett-Packard.

Skype
Originally Sky-Peer-to Peer, then Skyper, and finally Skype.

Verizon
A combination of the words veritas, the Latin word for truth, and horizon, signifying forward-looking and visionary.

Visa
Dee Hock, Visa’s founder, believed that the word would be instantly recognizable by many languages and universally accepted by many countries.

Yahoo! –Coined by Jonathan Swift in his book Gulliver’s Travels, a yahoo (short for yahooligan) is a repulsive, filthy creature.

Can you identify this

This is a hard disk made by IBM in 1956. Its Capacity just 5MB.

IBM 305 disk storage unit

In September 1956 IBM launched the 305 RAMAC, the  first SUPER COMPUTER with a hard disk drive (HDD). The HDD weighed over a tonne and stored 5 MB of data.

Introduced in 1956, the IBM 305 RAMAC (Random Access Memory Accounting System) was an electronic general purpose data processing machine that maintained business records on a real-time basis. The 305 RAMAC was one of the last vacuum tube systems designed by IBM.

System Unit

Bill Gates Arrested

Can you ever imagine today’s billionaire, world’s richest man and now greatest philanthropist person Bill Gates has gone to jail?

Bill Gates, Chairman and CEO of Microsoft (Retired), and the richest man in the world at over $50 Billion net worth, arrested in New Mexico 1977.

He was arrested for speeding in his Porsche car without a license and again in 1989 for suspicion of drunk driving.

Linux Commands - Funny

cat, cut, find,free, head,kill, man,nice, paste,sleep,tail, touch, watch , who - What is this!!
Linux is a Unix-like computer operating system assembled under the model of free and open source software development and distribution. Nowadays, Linux commonly using in Desktop machines as well as Servers.  Lots of commands are available in Linux for sysem use. Most of them can easily remember to a normal user. Some of the interesting commands in Linux as shown here.

Command	Description
cat	Concatenate files and print on the standard output
clear	Clear terminal screen
cut	Divide a file into several parts
date	Display or change the date & time
echo	Display message on screen
eject	Eject CD-ROM
expand	Convert tabs to spaces
factor	Print prime factors
find	Search for files that meet a desired criteria
fold	Wrap text to fit a specified width
format	Format disks or tapes
free	Display memory usage
head	Output the first part of file(s)
join	Join lines on a common field
kill	Stop a process from running
less	Display output one screen at a time
man	Help manual
nice	Set the priority of a command or job
paste	Merge lines of files
screen	Terminal window manager
select	Accept keyboard input
sleep	Delay for a specified time
sort	Sort text files
split	Split a file into fixed-size pieces
tail	Output the last part of files
test	Evaluate a conditional expression
time	Measure Program Resource Use
touch	Change file timestamps
top	List processes running on the system
watch	Execute/display a program periodically
whereis	Report all known instances of a command
which	Locate a program file in the user's path
who	Print all usernames currently logged in
whoami	Print the current user id and name (`id -un')
yes	Print a string until interrupted

Firefox Shortcut Keys

Firefox is one of the most using browser in internet world.

In Mozilla Firefox, you can use the combination of different keyboard keys to accomplish your routine task. With shortcut keys, you can speed up your surfing without lifting your hands from the keys; otherwise require a conventional mouse to select menus and buttons options. Basically keyboard shortcuts keys help you to save time and you can perform any tasks without leaving the keyboard keys.

Navigation

Command	Shortcut
Back	Alt + ← or Backspace
Forward	Alt + → or Shift + Backspace
Home	Alt + Home
Open File	Ctrl + O
Reload	F5 or Ctrl + R
Reload (override cache)	Ctrl + F5 or Ctrl + Shift + R
Stop	Esc.

Current Page

Command	Shortcut
Go to Bottom of Page	End
Go to Top of Page	Home
Move to Next Frame	F6
Move to Previous Frame	Shift + F6
Print	Ctrl + P
Save Page As	Ctrl + S
Zoom In	Ctrl + +
Zoom Out	Ctrl + -
Zoom Reset	Ctrl + 0

Search

Command	Shortcut
Find	Ctrl + F
Find Again	F3 or Ctrl + G
Find Previous	Shift + F3 or Ctrl + Shift + G
Quick Find within link-text only	'
Quick Find	/

Miscellaneous

Command	Shortcut
Complete .com Address	Ctrl + Enter
Complete .net Address	Shift + Enter
Complete .org Address	Ctrl + Shift + Enter
Delete Selected Autocomplete Entry	Del
Toggle Full Screen	F11
Help	F1
Toggle Menu Bar (when hidden)	Alt F10Alt (KDE) F10 (GNOME)
Show/Hide Add-on Bar	Ctrl +
Select Location Bar	F6 or Alt + D or Ctrl + L

Bookmarks

Command	Shortcut
Bookmark All Tabs	Ctrl + Shift + D
Bookmark This Page	Ctrl + D
Bookmarks sidebar	Ctrl + B Ctrl + I
Library window (Bookmarks)	Ctrl + Shift + B

Windows & Tabs

Command	Shortcut
Close Tab	Ctrl + W Ctrl + F4
Close Window	Ctrl + Shift + W Alt + F4
Move Tab in focus Left	Ctrl + ← Ctrl + ↑
Move Tab in focus Right	Ctrl + → Ctrl + ↓
Move Tab in focus to start	Ctrl + Home
Move Tab in focus to end	Ctrl + End
New Tab	Ctrl + T
New Window	Ctrl + N
Next Tab	Ctrl + Tab or Ctrl + Page Down
Open Address in New Tab	Alt + Enter (from Location Bar or Search Bar)
Previous Tab	Ctrl + Shift + Tab or Ctrl + Page Up
Undo Close Tab	Ctrl + Shift + T
Undo Close Window	Ctrl + Shift + N
Select Tab 1 to 8	Ctrl + 1 to 8

Windows key keyboard shortcuts

Below is a listing of Windows keys that can be used on computers running a Microsoft Windows operating system and using a keyboard with a Windows key. In the below list of shortcuts, the Windows key is represented by "WINKEY".

Shortcut Keys	Description
WINKEY	Pressing the Windows key alone will open Start.
WINKEY + F1	Opens the Microsoft Windows help and support center.
WINKEY + F3	Opens the Advanced find window in Microsoft Outlook.
WINKEY + D	Brings the desktop to the top of all other windows.
WINKEY + M	Minimizes all windows.
WINKEY + SHIFT + M	Undo the minimize done by WINKEY + M and WINKEY + D.
WINKEY + E	Open Microsoft Explorer.
WINKEY + Tab	Cycle through open programs through the taskbar.
WINKEY + F	Display the Windows Search / Find feature.
WINKEY + CTRL + F	Display the search for computers window.
WINKEY + R	Open the run window.
WINKEY + Pause / Break key	Open the system properties window.
WINKEY + U	Open Utility Manager.
WINKEY + L	Lock the computer and switch users if needed (Windows XP and above only).
WINKEY + P	Quickly change between monitor display types. (Windows 7 only)
WINKEY + LEFT ARROW	Shrinks the window to 1/2 screen on the left side for side by side viewing. (Windows 7 only)
WINKEY + RIGHT ARROW	Shrinks the window to 1/2 screen on the right side for side by side viewing. (Windows 7 only)
WINKEY + UP ARROW	When in the side by side viewing mode, this shortcut takes the screen back to full size. (Windows 7 only)
WINKEY + DOWN ARROW	Minimizes the screen.  Also, when in the side by side viewing mode, this shortcut takes the screen back to a minimized size. (Windows 7 only)

Image File extensions

Common image file extensions can be downloaded from here. Please click following link to view the file.

Click to View File

vi Commands

vi is a Visual Editor (hence the name -- vi for VIsual). vi is a widely-used and popular UNIX-based text editor. Like most UNIX system interfaces and other text editors, it lets you control the system by using the keyboard rather than a combination of mouse selections and keystrokes.

Edit a File

Edit a file from command prompt	vi
Edit a file from command prompt for reading only	vi -R
Edit a file from within vi	:e
Edit a new file from within vi, discard changes to current file	:e!
Reload current file, discarding changes	:e!
Go forwards a page	Ctrl+F (or PgDn)
Go backwards a page	Ctrl+B (or PgUp)
Move around single lines or characters	Arrow keys
Save changes	:w
Save changes and override protected (read-only) files	:w!
Save changes and exit vi	ZZ
Quit	:q
Quit and discard changes	:q!
Get general help	:help
Get help on a command (eg. :set)	:help set

Go to lines, find matching text 

Go to line 1234 (do not see typing)	1234G
Go to line 1234 (see typing)	:1234
Go to start of file	1G
Go to end of file	G
Find (forwards) a line containing "swordfish"	/swordfish
Find (forwards) a line using a regular expression	/you see .* here
Repeat last search	n
Repeat last search in opposite direction	N
Find (backwards) a line containing "swordfish"	?swordfish
Find (backwards) a line using a regular expression	?you see .* here
Search case insensitive (Ignore Case)	:set ic
Search with case sensitivity	:set noic
Wrap searches back to start of file	:set wrapscan
Do not wrap searches	:set nowrapscan

Insert Text

Insert after cursor	i
Insert before cursor	a
Insert at beginning of line	I
Insert at end of line (append)	A
Open (start) new line below cursor	o
Open (start) new line above cursor	O

Advance Deletion

Delete next 5 lines	5dd
Delete to end of line	d$
Delete to start of line	d0
Delete to word "swordfish"	d/swordfish
Delete to the letter "x"	dfx
Delete lines 10 to 20	:10,20d
Delete current line and another 5 lines	:.,+5d
Delete all lines	:%d
Delete current word	dw
Find line containing pattern, delete it	:/pattern/d
Find line containing "dog", delete until line containing "cat"	:/dog/,/cat/d
Delete from current line to line containing "foo"	:.,/foo/d

Reset Joomla administrator password?

Joomla's admin username can be easily changed with a simple MySQL query.  Open mysql console and execute the following query


UPDATE `jos_users` SET `password` = MD5( 'new_password' ) WHERE `jos_users`.`username` = "admin"

Windows Shortcut Keys

Below is a listing of all the major Windows shortcut keys

Shortcut Keys	Description
Alt + Tab	Switch between open applications.
Alt + Shift + Tab	Switch backwards between open applications.
Alt + double-click	Display the properties of the object you double-click on. For example, doing this on a file would display its properties.
Ctrl + Tab	Switches between program groups or document windows in applications that support this feature.
Ctrl + Shift + Tab	Same as above but backwards.
Alt + Print Screen	Create a screen shot only for the program you are currently in.
Ctrl + Print Screen	Creates a screen shot of the entire screen
Ctrl + Alt + Del	Reboot the computer and brings up the Windows task manager.
Ctrl + Shift + Esc	Immediately bring up the Windows task manager.
Ctrl + Esc	Bring up the Windows Start menu. In Windows 3.x this would bring up the Task Manager.
Alt + Esc	Switch Between open applications on taskbar.
F1	Activates help for current open application.
F2	Renames selected Icon.
F3	Starts find from desktop.
F4	Opens the drive selection when browsing.
F5	Refresh Contents to where you were on the page.
Ctrl + F5	Refreshes page to the beginning of the page.
F10	Activates menu bar.
Shift + F10	Simulates right-click on selected item.
F4	Select a different location to browse in the Windows Explorer toolbar.
Alt + F4	Closes Current open program.
Ctrl + F4	Closes Window in Program.
F6	Move cursor to different Windows Explorer pane.
Alt + Space bar	Drops down the window control menu.
Ctrl + (the '+' key on the keypad)	Automatically adjust the widths of all the columns in Windows explorer
Alt + Enter	Opens properties window of selected icon or program.
Alt + Space bar	Open the control menu for the current window open.
Shift + Del	Delete programs/files without throwing them into the recycle bin.
Holding Shift	Boot Safe Mode or by pass system files as the computer is booting.
Holding Shift	When putting in an audio CD, will prevent CD Player from playing.
Enter	Activates the highlighted program.
Alt + Down arrow	Display all available options on drop down menu.
* (on the keypad)	Expands all folders on the currently selected folder or drive in Windows Explorer.
+ (on the keypad)	Expands only the currently selected folder in Windows Explorer.
- (on the keypad)	Collapses the currently selected folder in Windows Explorer.